It is neither a recent nor a temporary phenomenon: disparities are rooted in long-term historical processes that make them persistent and difficult to correct. Since the late 1970s, their rise has reflected deep changes in economic and social systems — but history also shows that they can be reduced

In Marco Molteni’s History of Economics class, AI boosts productivity, personalization, and inclusion. Through transparent LLM use, anonymous surveys, and “impossible tasks,” students engage in a safe space that promotes critical thinking and participation.

From Iran to the erosion of global order, deterrence is no longer enough: when force replaces law, stability becomes fragile